Coronary Vasculature: Development, Structure-Function, and Adaptations

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Coronary Vasculature: Development, Structure-Function, and Adaptations

دانلود کتاب عروق کرونر: توسعه، ساختار-عملکرد، و انطباق ها

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The high metabolism and oxygen demand of the cardiac myocardium depends on both a high blood flow and a rich capillary density. For this reason, the growth of the coronary vasculature is vital, not only in early development, but also in the adult faced with various stresses. Novel technologies have enabled the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and assembly coronary vessels, and this volume covers the hierarchy of the coronary vasculature from its embryonic origins through its postnatal growth, adulthood, and senescence. Chapters address normal coronary development, coronary anomalies and their possible underlying developmental errors, coronary vessel adaptations to exercise training, aging, hypoxia, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac hypertrophy. This comprehensive overview of current research in coronary vessels and myocardial perfusion was written by Dr. Robert J. Tomanek, Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Iowa. The book reviews, discusses, and integrates findings from various areas of coronary vasculature research, and as a result, will be a valuable reference source forcardiovascular scientists and physicians for many years to come

 نویسنده:Robert J. Tomanekسال انتشار:2013تعداد صفحات:289زبان فایل:انگلیسیفرمت فایل:pdfحجم فایل: 9mb

A Quick Guide to Welding and Weld Inspection -ASME PRESS

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 Quick Guide to Welding and Weld Inspection - استاندارد Press

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توضیح:

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Architectural Design and Ethics

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263 صفحه پی دی اف

Preface vii
Biography xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Chapter 1: Our collapsing global bridge 1
Places 21
Earth 21
Air 24
Water 27
Fire 30
Principles 33
Instead of superfl uous form, make everything count 33
Instead of quantity, focus on qualities 34
Chapter 2: How nature suffers in the naturalistic fallacy 35
Places 54
Home 54
Housing 57
University 60
School 63
Principles 65
Instead of throwing away, reuse or recycle 65
Instead of ignoring sources, attend to the source of everything 67
Chapter 3: Why having less is more 69
Places 87
Cemetery 87
Mounds 90
Temple 93
Cathedral 96
Principles 99
Instead of consuming things, treat everything as sacred 99
Instead of wanting more, seek doing with less 101
Chapter 4: When virtues are no vice 103
Places 121
Hospital 121

Healing garden 124
Golf course 126
Playground 129
Principles 131
Instead of expensiveness, focus on affordability 131
Instead of excluding others, provide everyone a place 133
Chapter 5: Drafting a new social contract 135
Places 154
City 154
Suburb 157
Town 160
Country 163
Principles 166
Instead of cutting us off from nature, connect us to it 166
Instead of reducing the ecological diversity of a site, improve it 168
Chapter 6: The needs of duty 171
Places 188
Corporations 188
Offi ce 191
Store 193
Factory 196
Principles 199
Instead of creating objects to possess, build community 199
Instead of specialized things that can only have one use, make them
multi-functional 201
Chapter 7: The consequences of ignoring consequences 203
Places 221
Laboratory 221
Museum 224
Loft 227
Fort 230
Principles 233
Instead of radical experiments, see everything in evolutionary terms 233
Instead of focusing on abstractions, attend to what is real 235
References 237
Index 245

Cities and Fascination

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Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of Contributors xiii
1 Cities and Fascination: Beyond the Surplus of Meaning 1
Heiko Schmid, Wolf-Dietrich Sahr, John Urry
Part I: Revealing Fascination: Theoretical Horizons
2 T he Urban Question after Modernity 17
Michael Dear
3 T he City is Back (in Our Minds) 33
Jacques Lévy
4 E motions in an Urban Environment: Embellishing the Cities from the
Perspective of the Humanities 49
Jürgen Hasse
5 A esthetics and Design: Perceptions in the Postmodern Periphery 75
Ludger Basten
Part II: Focusing Fascination: Crossing Theoretical and
Empirical Perpectives
6 ‘The Most Dangerous Knack’: Fetish and Fascination in the Built
Environment 95
Neil Smith
7 T he Urban Staging of Politics: Life Worlds, Aesthetics, and Planning
– and an Example from Brazil 107
Wolf-Dietrich Sahr
Part III: Implementing Fascination: Case Studies
8 From Dreamland to Wasteland: The Discursive Structuring of Cities 129
Ulrike Gerhard, Ingo H. Warnke

9 Re-designing the Metropolis: Purpose and Perception of the Ruhr District
as European Capital of Culture 2010 147
Achim Prossek
10 S trategic Staging of Urbanity: Urban Images in Films and Film Images in
Hamburg’s City Marketing 169
Sybille Bauriedl, Anke Strüver
11 ‘Neoliberalism with Chinese Characteristics’: Consumer Pedagogy in
Macao 187
Tim Simpson
PART IV: Consequences of Fascination: New Horizons
12 E xcess, Fascination and Climates 209
John Urry
Index 225

Contact tracing and population screening for tuberculosis – who should be assessed?

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Abstract

Benjamin R. Underwood, Veronica L. C. White, Tim Baker, Malcolm Law
and John C. Moore-Gillon

Background The aim of the study was to investigate the
relative effectiveness of four strategies in detecting and preventing
tuberculosis: contact tracing of smear-positive pulmonary
disease, of smear-negative pulmonary disease and
of non-pulmonary disease, and screening new entrants.
Methods An analysis of patient records and a TB database
was carried out for an NHS Trust-based tuberculosis service
in a socio-economically deprived area. Subjects were contacts
of all patients treated for TB between 1997 and 1999.
New entrants were screened in 1999. Outcomes measured
were numbers of cases of active tuberculosis detected and
numbers of those screened given chemoprophylaxis.
Results A total of 643 contacts of 227 cases of active TB were
seen, and 322 new entrants to the United Kingdom. The highest
proportion of contacts requiring full treatment or chemoprophylaxis
were contacts of smear-positive index cases (33
out of 263 contacts; 12.5 per cent). Tracing contacts of those
with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (12 out of 156;
7.7 per cent) and non-pulmonary disease (14 out of 277;
6.2 per cent) was significantly more effective in identifying
individuals requiring intervention (full treatment or chemoprophylaxis)
than routine screening of new entrants (10 out
of 322; 3.1 per cent).
Conclusions Screening for TB of new entrants to the United
Kingdom is part of the national programme for control and
prevention of TB, whereas tracing contacts of those with
smear-negative and non-pulmonary disease is not. This study
demonstrates that, in our population, the contact-tracing
strategy is more effective than new entrant screening. It is not
likely that the contacts have caught their disease from the
index case, but rather that in high-incidence areas such as
ours such tracing selects extended families or communities at
particularly high risk.
Keywords: tuberculosis, contact tracing, immigrants, cost
effectiveness